University of Tehran Law Quarterly 2588-5618 42 4 2013 02 19 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TORT LIABILITY FOR UNLAWFUL COMPETITION COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TORT LIABILITY FOR UNLAWFUL COMPETITION 59 78 31994 10.22059/jlq.2013.31994 FA Hassan Badini Assistant Professor, Private and Islamic Law Department, University of Tehran Journal Article 2011 08 06 In the case of abuse of right  of  freedom of trade, intentional fault or negligence, resort  to unlawful means and act contrary to professional ethics and in general, fulfillment of conditions of compensation of loss according to governing rules in legal systems, commercial rivals have tortious liability within the framework of traditional principles of tort law. Nowadays, day by day, cases of tort liability for breach of regulations of competition law is increasing. In principle, regarding the public nature of competition law, breach of regulations of this branch of law has  penal or administrative sanction, but in many situations, private sanctions is much more efficient regarding aims of competition law. In this article, tort liability for unlawful competition has been studied in two mentioned fields and Iranian law has been compared with French, England, Germany, U.S.A and European Union law. The results of this article indicate that the nature of obligation of compensation in these two fields is different from each other. In addition, application of specific rules for proof and evaluation of loss, such as punitive damages and presumption of loss, has been proposed. In the case of abuse of right  of  freedom of trade, intentional fault or negligence, resort  to unlawful means and act contrary to professional ethics and in general, fulfillment of conditions of compensation of loss according to governing rules in legal systems, commercial rivals have tortious liability within the framework of traditional principles of tort law. Nowadays, day by day, cases of tort liability for breach of regulations of competition law is increasing. In principle, regarding the public nature of competition law, breach of regulations of this branch of law has  penal or administrative sanction, but in many situations, private sanctions is much more efficient regarding aims of competition law. In this article, tort liability for unlawful competition has been studied in two mentioned fields and Iranian law has been compared with French, England, Germany, U.S.A and European Union law. The results of this article indicate that the nature of obligation of compensation in these two fields is different from each other. In addition, application of specific rules for proof and evaluation of loss, such as punitive damages and presumption of loss, has been proposed. https://jlq.ut.ac.ir/article_31994_239f8d65365c34ec83633317aebb9433.pdf