Keyword Index

A

  • Alteration of Evidence Civil Liability for Spoliation of Evidence [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 103-130]
  • Appealable award Quashing the Impugned Award Due to Contradictory Judgments [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 479-520]
  • Article 38 of the Statute The Role of Domestic Law in the Jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice in Diplomatic Protection Cases [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 581-604]
  • Assignment A Critique on the Legal Mechanism of the Voluntary Transfer of the Partnership Share in the Limited Liability Company [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 429-454]
  • Authority Cypress and Moon (Authority as Country) [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 163-207]
  • Authority An analytical study of expansion of supervision over application of governing substantive rules based on excess of power in ICSID precedent [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 209-230]
  • Autonomy of the Parties’ Will A Comparative Analysis of Contractual Obligation in Light of the State’s Normative Power: Rereading the “Interpenetrated Obligation” Theory at the Intersection of Public and Private Law [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 631-656]

B

  • Bargaining Power Relative Inequality in Bargaining Power in Common Law and Legal Responses to It in Iranian Law [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 313-334]
  • Bill Brief Critique on the 1403 Commercial Bill [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 335-371]
  • Boundaries of Intellectual Property The Inclusion of Trespass in the Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights Based on the Boundaries of Intellectual Property and the Scope of Its Ownership [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 1-23]

C

  • Civil Obligation A Comparative Analysis of Contractual Obligation in Light of the State’s Normative Power: Rereading the “Interpenetrated Obligation” Theory at the Intersection of Public and Private Law [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 631-656]
  • Commercial Code Brief Critique on the 1403 Commercial Bill [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 335-371]
  • Commercial Custom Possibility of Relying on the UNIDROIT Principles to Supplement the Iranian Contract Law System: A Comparative Analysis [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 231-256]
  • Contract Interpretation Relative Inequality in Bargaining Power in Common Law and Legal Responses to It in Iranian Law [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 313-334]
  • Contract Supplementation Relative Inequality in Bargaining Power in Common Law and Legal Responses to It in Iranian Law [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 313-334]
  • Country Cypress and Moon (Authority as Country) [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 163-207]
  • Country An analytical study of expansion of supervision over application of governing substantive rules based on excess of power in ICSID precedent [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 209-230]
  • Court The Establishment of Maritime Courts in Judicial System of Iran: from Necessity to Implementation [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 521-547]
  • Creator and Founder of AI The Necessity of Establishing Intelligent Legal Personhood for AI: Towards a Comprehensive Legal Framework [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 285-312]

D

  • Daubert Stage A Legal Analysis of the Apportionment Rule in Patent Infringement Cases in U.S. Law and Its Applicability in Iranian Law [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 257-283]
  • Death of Contract The Death of Contract Theory [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 131-162]
  • Declaratory Effect (kāshifiyyah) A Critical Reconsideration of the Concepts of “Morā‘ī” and “Mawqūf” [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 549-580]
  • Default rule Relative Inequality in Bargaining Power in Common Law and Legal Responses to It in Iranian Law [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 313-334]
  • Development A Comparative Study on the Formative Objectives of the Supreme Court [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 403-427]
  • Direct Loss Civil Liability for Spoliation of Evidence [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 103-130]
  • Discretionary Authority Analysis of Objective and Subjective Criteria in Civil Procedure [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 57-77]
  • Distributive Justice The Legal Nature of Contract: Reflections on the Autonomy of Contract Law [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 605-629]
  • Domestic Legal Order The Role of Domestic Law in the Jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice in Diplomatic Protection Cases [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 581-604]
  • Duality of the Right to Exclude and the Right to Use The Inclusion of Trespass in the Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights Based on the Boundaries of Intellectual Property and the Scope of Its Ownership [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 1-23]

E

  • Electronic Person The Necessity of Establishing Intelligent Legal Personhood for AI: Towards a Comprehensive Legal Framework [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 285-312]
  • Emergency Transaction Neuroscientific Investigation of the Effect of Frontal Lobe Dysfunction on the Legal Validity of Contracts Concluded under Emergency: A Comparative Study in French Law [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 373-401]
  • Enforcement of Arbitral Awards The Concept of the Court Referring a Dispute to Arbitration in the Civil Procedure Code [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 79-101]
  • Ethics-Based Interpretation Ethics-Based Judicial Interpretation in the Light of Textualism and Interpretivism [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 657-684]

F

  • Fairness The Death of Contract Theory [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 131-162]
  • Fair trial The Language of International Judicial Service in Civil Procedure and Some of its Challenges [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 455-478]

G

  • Gap-Filling Possibility of Relying on the UNIDROIT Principles to Supplement the Iranian Contract Law System: A Comparative Analysis [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 231-256]
  • Garretson Case A Legal Analysis of the Apportionment Rule in Patent Infringement Cases in U.S. Law and Its Applicability in Iranian Law [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 257-283]
  • Georgia-Pacific Damage Assessment Criteria A Legal Analysis of the Apportionment Rule in Patent Infringement Cases in U.S. Law and Its Applicability in Iranian Law [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 257-283]
  • Governance Ethics-Based Judicial Interpretation in the Light of Textualism and Interpretivism [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 657-684]

I

  • Implicit Apportionment A Legal Analysis of the Apportionment Rule in Patent Infringement Cases in U.S. Law and Its Applicability in Iranian Law [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 257-283]
  • Impugned final judgment Quashing the Impugned Award Due to Contradictory Judgments [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 479-520]
  • Indirect Loss Civil Liability for Spoliation of Evidence [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 103-130]
  • Infringement of Intellectual Property The Inclusion of Trespass in the Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights Based on the Boundaries of Intellectual Property and the Scope of Its Ownership [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 1-23]
  • Intellectual Property The Inclusion of Trespass in the Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights Based on the Boundaries of Intellectual Property and the Scope of Its Ownership [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 1-23]
  • Intelligent Legal Personhood The Necessity of Establishing Intelligent Legal Personhood for AI: Towards a Comprehensive Legal Framework [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 285-312]
  • International Service The Language of International Judicial Service in Civil Procedure and Some of its Challenges [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 455-478]
  • Interpenetrated Obligation A Comparative Analysis of Contractual Obligation in Light of the State’s Normative Power: Rereading the “Interpenetrated Obligation” Theory at the Intersection of Public and Private Law [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 631-656]
  • Iranian Law Cypress and Moon (Authority as Country) [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 163-207]
  • Iranian Law An analytical study of expansion of supervision over application of governing substantive rules based on excess of power in ICSID precedent [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 209-230]
  • Issuance of contradictory judgments Quashing the Impugned Award Due to Contradictory Judgments [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 479-520]

J

  • Judge Ethics-Based Judicial Interpretation in the Light of Textualism and Interpretivism [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 657-684]
  • Judicial Determination Analysis of Objective and Subjective Criteria in Civil Procedure [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 57-77]
  • Jurisdiction The Establishment of Maritime Courts in Judicial System of Iran: from Necessity to Implementation [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 521-547]

L

  • Language of Procedure The Language of International Judicial Service in Civil Procedure and Some of its Challenges [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 455-478]
  • Language of Service The Language of International Judicial Service in Civil Procedure and Some of its Challenges [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 455-478]
  • Legal Entity A New Perspective on the Concept of a Legal Person with Emphasis on Assigning National Identifiers to Legal Persons [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 25-55]
  • Legal personality A New Perspective on the Concept of a Legal Person with Emphasis on Assigning National Identifiers to Legal Persons [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 25-55]
  • Legal principles Possibility of Relying on the UNIDROIT Principles to Supplement the Iranian Contract Law System: A Comparative Analysis [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 231-256]
  • Legal Responsibility The Necessity of Establishing Intelligent Legal Personhood for AI: Towards a Comprehensive Legal Framework [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 285-312]
  • Limited liability A Critique on the Legal Mechanism of the Voluntary Transfer of the Partnership Share in the Limited Liability Company [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 429-454]

M

  • Mandatory arbitration The Concept of the Court Referring a Dispute to Arbitration in the Civil Procedure Code [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 79-101]
  • Maritime Law The Establishment of Maritime Courts in Judicial System of Iran: from Necessity to Implementation [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 521-547]
  • Mawqūf Contract A Critical Reconsideration of the Concepts of “Morā‘ī” and “Mawqūf” [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 549-580]
  • Morā‘ī Contract A Critical Reconsideration of the Concepts of “Morā‘ī” and “Mawqūf” [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 549-580]
  • Mutual Benefit The Legal Nature of Contract: Reflections on the Autonomy of Contract Law [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 605-629]

N

  • National Identifier A New Perspective on the Concept of a Legal Person with Emphasis on Assigning National Identifiers to Legal Persons [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 25-55]
  • Natural and Legal Person The Necessity of Establishing Intelligent Legal Personhood for AI: Towards a Comprehensive Legal Framework [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 285-312]
  • Neuroscientific Neuroscientific Investigation of the Effect of Frontal Lobe Dysfunction on the Legal Validity of Contracts Concluded under Emergency: A Comparative Study in French Law [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 373-401]
  • Normativity The Legal Nature of Contract: Reflections on the Autonomy of Contract Law [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 605-629]
  • Notification of Arbitral Awards The Concept of the Court Referring a Dispute to Arbitration in the Civil Procedure Code [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 79-101]

O

  • Objective criteria Analysis of Objective and Subjective Criteria in Civil Procedure [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 57-77]

P

  • Panduit Factors A Legal Analysis of the Apportionment Rule in Patent Infringement Cases in U.S. Law and Its Applicability in Iranian Law [Volume 55, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 257-283]
  • Parliament Brief Critique on the 1403 Commercial Bill [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 335-371]
  • Prefrontal cortex Neuroscientific Investigation of the Effect of Frontal Lobe Dysfunction on the Legal Validity of Contracts Concluded under Emergency: A Comparative Study in French Law [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 373-401]
  • Principle of Adversarial Proceedings The Language of International Judicial Service in Civil Procedure and Some of its Challenges [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 455-478]
  • Principle of Equality of Persons before the Law A Comparative Study on the Formative Objectives of the Supreme Court [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 403-427]
  • Promise The Legal Nature of Contract: Reflections on the Autonomy of Contract Law [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 605-629]
  • Public Order A Comparative Analysis of Contractual Obligation in Light of the State’s Normative Power: Rereading the “Interpenetrated Obligation” Theory at the Intersection of Public and Private Law [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 631-656]

Q

  • Quashing without retrial Quashing the Impugned Award Due to Contradictory Judgments [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 479-520]

R

  • Re-examine the role of the Supreme Court A Comparative Study on the Formative Objectives of the Supreme Court [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 403-427]
  • Referring Court The Concept of the Court Referring a Dispute to Arbitration in the Civil Procedure Code [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 79-101]
  • Refusal to Provide Evidence Civil Liability for Spoliation of Evidence [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 103-130]
  • Relational contracts The Death of Contract Theory [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 131-162]
  • Relationalization of Contracts The Death of Contract Theory [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 131-162]
  • Rights and Obligations A New Perspective on the Concept of a Legal Person with Emphasis on Assigning National Identifiers to Legal Persons [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 25-55]

S

  • Sale of Pledged Property (bay‘ al-rahn) A Critical Reconsideration of the Concepts of “Morā‘ī” and “Mawqūf” [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 549-580]
  • Setting Aside of Arbitral Awards The Concept of the Court Referring a Dispute to Arbitration in the Civil Procedure Code [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 79-101]
  • Ship The Establishment of Maritime Courts in Judicial System of Iran: from Necessity to Implementation [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 521-547]
  • Spoliation of Evidence Civil Liability for Spoliation of Evidence [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 103-130]
  • Stress Neuroscientific Investigation of the Effect of Frontal Lobe Dysfunction on the Legal Validity of Contracts Concluded under Emergency: A Comparative Study in French Law [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 373-401]
  • Subjective criteria Analysis of Objective and Subjective Criteria in Civil Procedure [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 57-77]
  • Supreme Court A Comparative Study on the Formative Objectives of the Supreme Court [Volume 55, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 403-427]

T

  • Textualism Ethics-Based Judicial Interpretation in the Light of Textualism and Interpretivism [Volume 55, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 657-684]
  • Trespass The Inclusion of Trespass in the Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights Based on the Boundaries of Intellectual Property and the Scope of Its Ownership [Volume 55, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 1-23]

U