A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ABOUT THE GLOBAL LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IN MARITIME LAW

Izanloo, Mohsen; Dargahi, Ramin

doi:10.22059/jlq.2014.53335

A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ABOUT THE GLOBAL LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IN MARITIME LAW

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Mohsen Izanloo ¹
Ramin Dargahi ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Private and Islamic Law Department, University of Tehran, Iran

² MS. Student, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Iran

10.22059/jlq.2014.53335

Abstract

The concept of limitation of liability has been recognized in the 11th century and developed in national legislations until 19th century. Considering the importance of maritime transport as the backbone of international trade and great potential for conflict of laws in maritime transport, the need for harmonizing international maritime law, particularly the law on limitation of liability, became visible in the 19th century. The first step towards international unification of the rules on limitation of liability for maritime claims has been taken by adopting 1924 Conventions, but it received little support from the international community. Unlike the 1924 Convention, the 1957 and 1976 Conventions on limitation of liability for maritime received wide international acceptance. Iran has ratified the 1976 convention on 2014 but at the same time the maritime code has preserved the rules of the 1957 convention, yet. In this paper, after exploring the different systems of limitation of liability, we attempt to review the provisions of international conventions on global limitation of liability in maritime law and (including, 1924, 1957 and 1976 conventions) and discuss the status of Iranian law in this regard will be discussed, too.

Keywords

20.1001.1.25885618.1393.44.4.1.6

References

منابع و مآخذ

الف) فارسی:
1. ابوعطا، محمد (1390)، دعوا علیه مال، فصلنامه حقوق دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، دورۀ 40، شمارۀ 4، ص20-1
2. امید، هوشنگ (1353). حقوق دریایی، جلد 2، مدرسۀ عالی بیمه تهران.
3. توازنی‌زاده، عباس (1386)، انصراف از معاهدات بین‌المللی و پذیرش ضمنی اصلاحیه‌های آن در نظام حقوقی ایران، مجلس و راهبرد، شمارۀ 56، ص 124-85
  1. Baughen, S. (2009). Shipping law. Fourth Edition London: Routledge-Cavendish
  2. Berlingieri, F. (2014). International Maritime Conventions: (Volume 1): The Carriage of Goods and Passengers by Sea, Informa Law from Routledge
  3. Berlingieri, F., (ed.). (2000). The travaux préparatoires of the LLMC Convention, 1976 and of the Protocol of 1996. Antwerpen: Comité Maritime Internat
  4. Boal, A. M. (1978). Efforts to Achieve International Uniformity of Law Relating to the Limitation of Shipowners' Liability. Tul. L. Rev., 53, 1277.
  5. Cheka, C. N. (1987). Conduct Barring Limitation. J. Mar. L. & Com., 18, 487.
  6. CMI. (2013). Status of the ratifications of and accessions to the Brussels International Maritime Conventions, CMI Yearbook 2013, p. 598.
  7. Donovan, J. J. (1978). Origins and Development of Limitation of Shipowners' Liability. Tul. L. Rev., 53, 999.
  8. Griggs, P. (1997). Limitation of liability for maritime claims: the search for international uniformity. Lloyd's Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly.
  9. Griggs, P., Williams, R., & Farr, J. (2005). Limitation of liability for maritime claims. Fourth Edition, London: LLP.
  10. Hare, J. (2004). Limitation of Liability: A Nigerian Perspective, the eighth annualMaritime Seminar for Judges in Nigeria.
  11. Lowndes, R., Rudolf, G. R., & Cooke, J. H. S. (2008). Lowndes and Rudolf, The law of general average and The York-Antwerp rules. London: Sweet & Maxwell.
  12. Mandaraka-Sheppard, A. (2013). Modern Maritime Law (Volume 1): Jurisdiction and Risks. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. pp. 425
  13. Mandaraka-Sheppard, A. (2013). Modern Maritime Law (Volume 2): Managing risks and liabilities. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. pp. 1019
  14. Martin, E., & Law, J. (2013). A dictionary of law (online). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  15. Martínez, G. N. A. (2011). Limitation of liability in international maritime conventions. London: Routledge.
  16. Miribel, Stéphane. (2011). Conception subjective de la faute inexcusable, limitation accordée, Droit Maritime Français (DMF), n°722, p.155.
  17. Miribel, Stéphane. (2014). Laisser son navire sous tension à la borne du quai pendant son absence ne constitue pas une faute inexcusable/faute de témérité, Droit Maritime Français (DMF), n° 763.
  18. Özçayir, Z. O. (1998). Liability for oil pollution and collisions, LLP, London
  19. Paulette Veaux-Fournerie, Daniel Veaux et Barham Touré. (2004). COMMERCE MARITIME . - Responsabilité du transporteur -Régime interne: règles de fond, fasc 1266, JCI Transports (lexisnexis.fr).
  20. Rein, A. (1978). International variations on concepts of limitation of liability. Tul. L. Rev., 53, 1259.
  21. Reynolds, B. W., & Tsimplis, M. N. (2012). Shipowner's limitation of liability. Kluwer Law International.
  22. Sweeney, J. C. (2001). Limitation of Shipowner Liability: Its American Roots and Some Problems Particular to Collision. J. Mar. L. & Com., 32, 241.
  23. Tetley, W. (2002). International maritime and admiralty law. Cowansville, Quebec: Éditions Y. Blais.