LEGAL PRINCIPLES FOR NON-REFERRING TO REINSURER ON PORT OF THE INSURED IN UNITED STATES AND ENGLAND

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor of Law, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch

Abstract

Today, individuals and, in particular, insurers are seeking to have insurance coverage to secure compensation. In this regard, there are often two or three people in the relationship: the insurer and the insurer and the third party beneficiaries. Insurers have also entered into insurance contracts to guarantee their losses, which mean the operation, reinsurance or reinsurance. However, in case of insured damages, they are not seeking direct insurers, but rather reinsurers, and in this area they have often been successful. However, what are the reasons for not being able to refer to the insurer to the reinsurer in this case? 

Keywords


الف) فارسی
1. جمالیزاده، احمد (1380). بررسی فقهی عقد بیمه، چ اول، انتشارات دفتر تبلیغات اسلامی.
2. گودرزی، حجت‌الله؛ شمس، میر فلاح (1385). اصول قراردادهای بیمه، تهران: صادق‌نیا.
3. کاتوزیان، ناصر؛ ایزانلو، محسن (1387). بیمۀ مسئولیت مدنی، تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
4. مظلومی، نادر (1365). «بیمۀ اتکایی و عوامل مؤثر در تصمیم‌گیری»، فصلنامۀ بیمۀ مرکزی ایران، سال اول، ش 3.
ب) خارجی
5. Abramovsky, Aviva, (2008). "reinsurance: the silent regulator?", http://Cwis.Syr.Edu,Syracuse University.
6. Darrington Semple, and Robert Hal (1986). "the reinsurer's liability in the event of the insolvency of a ceding property and casullty insurer", Tort & Insurance Law Journal, vol.21
7. Debra Hall,(n.d). "rights and responsibility of reinsurer in receivership", The International Journal  of Insurance Law.
8. Downs Walter, (1935). "liability of reinsurer of an insolvent surety to furnishers of labor or material on contracts with the United States",   Ins. Counsel J, vol. 2.
9. Gurley John, (1984) ." regulation of reinsurance in the united states", 19 Forum.
10. Khawar Rizvan (2002). "reinsurance and privity in the past, present and future: privity of contract in reinsurance and the contracts(rights of third parties)act 1999", Tulane Law Review, vol.77.
11. Olson James Robert(1966). "reinsurer liability to the insolvent reinsured",  Notre Dame L. vol. 41.
12. P.T.O'neill, (2004).  the law of reinsurance in england and bermuda, london: Sweet and Maxwell.
13. Rudnik James (1995). "reinsurance as a source of recovery for insured losses", 15 Constr. Law. 
14. Shanman James, Stone,David (2010). "Issues Arising From Reinsurance Of Captive", newaatand
15. Tianfu Liu, (2002). "Direct Action In Marine  Reinsurance", A Thesis of LL.M, institute of comparative law, mcgill university, montréal
16. Debra Hall,(n.d). "rights and responsibility of reinsurer in receivership", The International Journal  of Insurance Law.
17. Gasser, Eugenia, Selina, Mejicanos, "Some Aspects of the Law of Reinsurance in Canada and Guatemala", Univercity of Alberta, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, 1983
18. Graydon Starw (1989). "the law of reinsurance contracts in california in relation to anglo-american common law",U.S.F.l.Rev.vol23
19. H.Bicford Peter, (2003). "dealing with insolvencies in the collection of reinsurance", for the american conference institute: Conference on Reinsurance Claims and Collections, New York.
20. Hammesfar, Robert & Wright, Scott (1994)." The Law of Reinsurance Claims".
21. Harold, Smith,(1938). "The Right of the Liquidator of an Insolvent Reinsured to Collect Reinsurance in Full Without Paying the Loss of the Original Insured in Full", CunselJournal Insurance, Vol 5, No 44.
22. Harvey, Rubin ( 1972). "The Contractual Law of Nonproportional Reinsuranc", Ins. L.J., Number 592.
23-Havens, Charles .( 1985). "The Application of United States and EEC Antitrust Laws to Reinsurance and Insurance Pooling Arrangements", Antitrust L.J, Vol. 54, No. 4.
24-Kiln, Stephen, Kiln ,Robert. (2001). " Reinsurance in Practice", 4ed.
25-Kramer, Henry. (1980). "The  Nature of Reinsurance, in Reinsurance", 1.5.( R.Strain, ed,).
26-Nutter Franklin. (1983). "Reinsurance Issues In The Liquidation Of Insolvent Insurers", 18 Forum.