بررسی قواعد رقابتی ناظر به دانش فنی: مطالعه‌ای تطبیقی در حقوق آمریکا، اتحادیه اروپا و ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه حقوق مالکیت فکری دانشکدۀ حقوق دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

حقوق رقابت به‌عنوان جلوه‌ای از نظم عمومی اقتصادی، سایۀ نظارتی خود را بر تعاملات تجاری پیرامون مالکیت‌های فکری نیز گسترانده است. دانش فنی که یکی از مصادیق خاص و کمتر شناخته‌شدۀ این دست دارایی‌ها- حداقل در حقوق ایران- است نیز منفک از موازین رقابتی نمی‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر می‌کوشد تا در نگرشی تطبیقی و با عنایت خاص به ماهیت اطلاعات محرمانۀ ابداعی، به تحلیل رویکرد کلی حقوق رقابت در قلمرو مالکیت‌های فکری پرداخته، برای تطبیق آن‌ها با موضوع خاص دانش فنی کوشش نماید تا به این پرسش پاسخی روشن دهد که تا چه میزان هنجارهای حقوق رقابت نسبت به دانش فنی متمایز از سایر نمونه‌های دارایی‌های فکری ازجمله اختراعات است. همچنین این مقاله با تعمق در راهکارهای مطرح‌شده در حقوق امریکا و اتحادیۀ اروپا، درصدد آشکار ساختن کاستی‌های عمیق و راهکارهای مجمل حقوق رقابت ایران در قبال این نوع از دارایی‌های فکری بوده، پیشنهادهایی برای زدودن ابهامات، پر کردن خلأها و همگام ساختن موازین کنونی با اصول و قواعد تثبیت‌شدۀ حقوق رقابت در حوزۀ اسرار تجاری و دانش فنی ارائه می‌‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

AN ANALYSIS ON COMPETITION RULES GOVERNING ON KNOW-HOW: COMPARATIVE STUDY IN US, EU AND IRANIAN LAW

نویسنده [English]

  • Ebrahim Rahbari
Assistant Professor, Law Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran
چکیده [English]

Competition law as a manifestation of economic public order has also extended its controlling shadow on the commercial interactions around intellectual properties. Know-how as a specific and little-known example of such assets -at least in Iranian law-, isn't apart from the rules of competition law. This research in comparative attitude and regarding the specifics of innovative confidential information, is seeking to analyze general approaches of competition law enforceable to intellectual property and apply them in know-how domain in order to reply this question clearly that how far the competition law standards are distinct from other types of IPs including patents?  Also current paper having examined the divergent solutions provided in US and EU law, is going to make clear deep deficiencies and vague approaches of Iranian competition law to know- how subject and accordingly present some solutions to rectify ambiguities and make uniformity existing laws with the established principles and rules of competition law in the framework of trade secrets and know-how sphere.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Competition law
  • Intellectual property law
  • Know-how
  • Misuse of dominant position
  • trade secrets
الف) فارسی
1. رهبری، ابراهیم (1393)، حقوق انتقال فناوری، چ 2، سمت، تهران
2. غفاری فارسانی، بهنام (1393)، حقوق رقابت و ضمانت اجراهای مدنی آن، چ 1، میزان، تهران
 
ب) خارجی
3.Anderman, Steven, (2007). The Interface Between Intellectual Property Rights and Competition Policy, Cambridge University Press, UK
4.Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property,(1995); Available at: http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=245008
5.Carrier, Michael , (2011). Innovation for the 21st Century, Oxford University Press, UK
6.Commission Notice on restrictions directly related and necessary to concentrations, (2005); Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52005XC0305(02):EN:NOT .
7.Commission Regulation on the application of Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to categories of technology transfer agreements, (2014).; Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2014.093.01.0017.01.ENG
8.Czapracka, Katarzyna, (2009). Intellectual Property and the Limits of Antitrust, Edward Elgar Publishing, UK
9.Decker, Kurt, (1993). Covenants Not to Compete, V. 1, Aspen Law & Business, USA
10.Dratler, Jay, (2015). Licensing of Intellectual Property, Law Journal Press, USA
11.Dratler, Jay, (1991). Intellectual Property Law: Commercial, Creative and Industrial Property, Law Journal Press, USA
12.Dreyfuss, Rochelle & Strandburg, Katherine, (2011). The Law and Theory of Trade Secrecy: A Handbook of Contemporary Research, Edward Elgar Publishing, USA
13.Elhauge, Einer, (2012). Research Handbook on the Economics of Antitrust Law, Edward Elgar Publishing, USA
14.Filipp, Mark, (2005). Covenants not to Compete, Aspen Publishers Online, USA
15.First, Harry,(2011). “Trade Secrets and Antitrust Law”; Available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1765244
16.Gallo, Andrew, (1998). "A Uniform Rule for Enforcement of Non competition Contracts Considered in Relation to Termination Case", The Journal of Labor and Employment Law, V. 1
17.Guidelines on the application of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to technology transfer agreements, (2014); Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.C_.2014.089.01.0003.01.ENG
18.Glader, Marcus, (2006). Innovation Markets and Competition Analysis, Edward Elgar Publishing, UK
19.Hawk, Barry, (2013). International Antitrust Law & Policy, Juris Publishing, Inc., USA
20.Kitch, Edmund & Perlman, Harvey, (1998). Intellectual Property and Unfair Competition, Foundation Press, USA
21.Lee, Alex, (2013). “Antitrust Aspects of Trade Secrets in the U.S. and the EU: Balancing Approaches to Harmonization”; Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/alexglee/antitrust-aspects-of-trade-secrets-in-the-us-and-the-eu-balancing-approaches-to-harmonization
22.Leslie, Christopher, (2011). Antitrust Law and Intellectual Property Rights: Cases and Materials, Oxford University Press, UK
23.Lévêque, François & Shelanski, Howard, (2005). Antitrust, Patents, and Copyright: EU and US Perspectives, Edward Elgar Publishing, USA
24.Lundqvist, Bjorn, (2014). Standardization under EU Competition Rules and US Antitrust Laws, Edward Elgar Publishing
25.Miller, Elizabeth, (1989). “Antitrust Restrictions on Trade Secret Licensing”, Law and Contemporary Problems, V. 52, N. 1
26.Nakache, Audry, (2013). "Protection du Secret de Fabrique"; Available at: http://www.nakache-avocat.com/index.php/publications-3/35-publications-g-droit-de-la-propriete-intellectuelle/39-protection-du-secret-de-fabrique
27.Nguyen, Tu Thanh, (2010). Competition Law,Technology Transfer and the TRIPS Agreement, Edward Elgar, USA
28.Proposal for a Directive on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets) against their unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure, (2013); Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52013PC0813
29.Putz, Jean-Luc, (2011). Le Salarié Face au Patrimoine Intellectuel de L’entreprise, Groupe de Boeck, France
30.Rosen, John, (2012). Individualism and Collectiveness in Intellectual Property Law, Edward Elgar Publishing, USA
31.Sthoters, Christopher, (2008). “No-Challenge Clauses: the UK Perspective”; Available at:http://www.aipla.org/Content/ContentGroups/Speaker_Papers /Annual_Meeting_Speaker_Papers/200717/Stothers-paper.pdf
32.Stim, Richard, (2014). Patent, Copyright & Trademark: An Intellectual Property Desk Reference, Nolo, USA
33.United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, (2004). Model Law on Competition: Substantive Possible Elements for a Competition Law, Commentaries and Alternative Approaches in Existing Legislations, United Nations Publications, USA
34.Vries, Marce et al, (2012). Norms in Technology, Springer Science & Business Media, Netherlands
35.Whish, Richard & Bailey, David, (2015). Competition Law, Oxford University Press, UK