قلمرو سازش‌نامه‌های مشمول کنوانسیون سنگاپور 2019 با مطالعة تطبیقی در حقوق ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکدة حقوق علوم و سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

سازش یا میانجی‌گری با توجه به اتکاء بر تراضی طرفین و اینکه نتیجة فرایند سازش یا سازش‌نامه، مطلوب طرفین دعواست، طریقی ویژه در حل‌وفصل اختلافات محسوب می­شود. کنوانسیون سنگاپور 2019 در خصوص سازش‌نامه‌های تجاری بین‌المللی، توسط سازمان ملل متحد به‌منظور ارتقای نهاد مذکور تنظیم شده ‌است. الحاق ایران به این کنوانسیون نقش مؤثری در رواج بیشتر میانجی‌گری در حقوق ایران خواهد داشت. از موضوعات مهم مطروحه در خصوص کنوانسیون سنگاپور، قلمرو اعمال معاهدة مذکور است. سه خصیصة اصلی در سازش‌نامة منعقده میان طرفین باید وجود داشته باشد تا در محدودة اعمال این کنوانسیون قرار بگیرد که عبارت‌اند از: «انعقاد سازش‌نامه در اثر فرایند میانجی‌گری»، «وصف تجاری سازش‌نامه» و «وصف بین‌المللی سازش‌نامه». در مقالة حاضر سه مؤلفة مذکور تحلیل می‌شود و موضع حقوق ایران نیز در مورد آنها بیان می‌شود. پژوهش پیش‌رو، به این نتیجه نائل می‌آید که با توجه به فلسفة حمایت اجرایی کنوانسیون سنگاپور از سازش‌نامه‌ها و به‌منظور ارتقای جایگاه میانجی‌گری در میان روش‌های حل‌وفصل اختلافات، باید از معیارهای سه‌گانة مذکور، مفهوم موسعی ارائه کرد تا سازش‌نامه‌های بیشتری از حمایت اجرایی این مقررات بهره‌مند شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Scope of Settlement Agreements Covered by Singapore Convention 2019 With Comparative Study of Iranian Legal System

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Maboudi Neishabouri 1
  • Seyed Alireza Rezaee 2
1 Assistant Professor of Law Department, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Phd Student of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Conciliation or mediation is a specific way of resolving disputes because it bases on parties' agreement and settlement agreement is satisfactory for both parties. The United Nations has promoted this way of dispute settlement by ratifying the Singapore Convention 2019 on Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation. Iran's adhesion to the Convention is a positive step towards enhancing the status of mediation in Iranian legal system. One of the major issues raised in relation to the Singapore Convention is its scope. There must be three main features in a settlement agreement between the parties to fall within the scope of Convention: “Resulting from Mediation”, “Being international” and “Being commercial”. In the present article, the concept of these three elements is examined and Iranian law's position on them is discussed. The conclusion of this article is that considering philosophy of the Singapore Convention's enforcement regime for settlement agreements and to promote the status of mediation among dispute resolution methods, the above-mentioned three criteria should be widely interpreted to provide more settlement agreements supported by the Convention.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • “Settlement Agreement Resulting from Mediation”
  • “Commercial Settlement Agreement”
  • “International Settlement Agreement”
  • "Dispute Resolution Methods"
  • "Singapore Convention"
  • "International Trade"
  • "Settlement of Dispute"

مراجع

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مطالعات حقوق خصوصی
دوره 50، شماره 4
دی 1399
صفحه 783-801

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