تحلیل سرمایۀ قانونی و کارکرد آن در حمایت از حقوق طلبکاران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق تجارت و سرمایه‌گذاری بین‌المللی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 استادیار گروه حقوق اقتصادی دانشکدۀ حقوق دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

تحدید مسئولیت سهامداران به میزان آوردۀ آنان در شرکت‌های از نوع مسئولیت محدود، طلبکاران شرکت را همواره در معرض ریسک تأدیه نشدن مطالباتشان قرار می‌دهد. به همین دلیل، سرمایۀ قانونی از دیرباز به‌عنوان راهکاری سنتی برای حمایت از حقوق طلبکاران در برابر تحدید مسئولیت سهامداران شرکت تعبیه شده است. طبق قواعد سرمایۀ قانونی، نحوۀ تأمین حداقل سرمایه از جانب سهامداران و صیانت از آن طی فعالیت تجاری شرکت می‌تواند از حقوق طلبکاران حمایت کافی را به‌عمل آورد. لیکن، این موضوع امروزه مورد تردید قرار گرفته است، به‌نحوی که در برخی نظام‌های حقوقی رویکردی مدرن نسبت به سرمایۀ قانونی ایجاد شده است. رویکرد اخیر با استفاده از شروط قراردادی و قواعد حقوق ورشکستگی سعی دارد راهکارهای جایگزینی ارائه کند که به‌زعم آن خلأهای سرمایۀ قانونی را برطرف سازد و از حقوق طلبکاران حمایت بیشتری به‌عمل آورد. مقالۀ پیش‌رو، ضمن بررسی رویکردهای سنتی و مدرن به سرمایۀ قانونی، پیشنهاد‌هایی را برای اصلاح قوانین فعلی ایران ارائه می‌کند و اتخاذ رویکرد میانه در حقوق ایران را بهترین راهکار برای حمایت از حقوق طلبکاران می‌داند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Analysis of Legal Capital and Its Function in Protection of Creditors Rights

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Solhi 1
  • Mohammad Soltani 2
1 Law Faculty,, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Member of Law Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

Limitation of shareholders liability to the extent of their shares in a limited liability company, could expose creditors to the risk of default of their claims. Therefore, Legal Capital as a traditional solution has been devised long ago to protect creditors rights against limitation of company shareholders liability. According to Legal Capital rules, the procedures as to provision of minimum capital by shareholders and its maintenance during the business activity of the incorporation can sufficiently secure creditors rights. Nevertheless, this issue has been questioned nowadays and in some legal systems a modern approach to Legal Capital has been established. By means of covenants and insolvency law, this recent approach attempts to introduce alternative solutions which are believed to have obviated the shortcomings of Legal Capital and enhance the protection of creditors rights. In conjunction with the study of traditional and modern approaches to Legal Capital, this essay puts forward a recommendation on amendment of current Iranian Law and recognize an intermediate approach to be the most proper solution for protection of creditors rights in Iranian Law.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Creditors’ Rights
  • Legal Capital
  • Limited Liability
  • Maintenance of Capital
  • Minimum Capital Requirement

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مطالعات حقوق خصوصی
دوره 51، شماره 2
تیر 1400
صفحه 295-312

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