نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران
2 کارشناس ارشد حقوق تجاری اقتصادی بینالمللی دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Merchant vessels may be arrested for various reasons, often by the claimant in order to secure their relief, especially in actions relating to bodily injuries, property damages and collisions. While the ship is under arrest, ship-owner has duty to pay necessary and irrevocable expenses. On the other hand, the ways of release of the vessel for the ship-owner are not a lot. Ship-owner may, for example by tendering a bail bond or paying the money (often with the calculation of punitive damages), release the ship from arrest. One of the ordinary methods to release the vessel and to have the permission to continue its activity is to get a letter of undertaking issued by the protection and indemnity clubs to the claimant. This paper with descriptive and analytical perspective is to introduce the letter of undertaking, express its object, benefits, form, legal nature, requirements for achieving it, the subject of acceptance and non-acceptance of the letter of undertaking with regard to the claimants and the courts views and finally the effects of this type of letters.
کلیدواژهها [English]
http://www.20essexst.com/sites/default/files/judgments/Atlantik%20Confidence%E2%80%9D%20%E2%80%93%20Kairos%20Shipping%20Ltd%20v%20Enka%20%2526amp%3B%20Co%20LLC%20and%20Ors%20%5B2014%5D%20EWCA%20Civ%20217.pdf
http://www.leagle.com/decision/19951192895FSupp297_11114
http://www.ecases.us/case/nysd/2569669/chiquita-intern-ltd-v-liverpool-and-london-ss-prot
http://www.ecases.us/case/nysd/2569669/chiquita-intern-ltd-v-liverpool-and-london-ss-prot
Availabe at:
https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F2/865/865.F2d.705.88-3165.html
http://www.buffalow.net/images/Stemcor_v_Urkmez.pdf
http://www.sal.org.sg/digitallibrary/Lists/SAL%20Annual%20Review/Attachments/28/2001-2-SALAnnRev-011-AdmShipping.pdf
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/logistics/pi-club-letter-an-easier-option-for-arrested-ships/article4686486.ece