تعهدنامۀ رفع توقیف کشتی و نقش باشگاه‌های حمایت و غرامت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

2 کارشناس ارشد حقوق تجاری اقتصادی بین‌المللی دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

 کشتی‌های تجاری به دلایل مختلف و اغلب توسط خواهان در راستای تأمین هرچه بیشتر خواستة خود، به‌ویژه در دعاوی مربوط به صدمات بدنی، خسارات وارد به کالا و تصادم دریایی، ممکن است بازداشت شوند. در زمان بازداشت، مالک کشتی موظف به پرداخت هزینه‌های ضروری و بازگشت‌ناپذیر می‌شود. از طرف دیگر، راه‌های رهاییِ کشتی برای مالک آن زیاد نیست. از جمله مالک کشتی می‌تواند با ارائۀ ضمانت‌نامۀ بانکی یا پرداخت پول (در اغلب موارد همراه با احتساب خسارات تنبیهی)، نسبت به رفع توقیف کشتی اقدام کند. یکی از شیوه‌های معمول رهاییِ کشتی و ادامۀ فعالیت آن، تهیۀ تعهدنامۀ رفع توقیف کشتیِ صادره از باشگاه‌های حمایت و غرامت و ارائۀ آن به مدعی است. این نوشتار به روش توصیفی تحلیلی، درصدد معرفی، بیانِ هدف، مزایا، شکل و مندرجات تعهدنامه، ماهیت حقوقی آن، موضوع پذیرش یا عدم پذیرش تعهدنامه از دو منظر خواهان و مرجع رسیدگی‌کننده و سرانجام، اثر این نوع تعهدنامه‌ برآمده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

LETTER OF UNDERTAKING AND THE ROLE OF PROTECTION AND INDEMNITY CLUBS

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Ghamami 1
  • Siavash Sefidari 2
1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law and Politics, University of Tehran, Iran
2 LLM in International Trade and Economic Law, Faculty of Law and Politics, University of Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Merchant vessels may be arrested for various reasons, often by the claimant in order to secure their relief, especially in actions relating to bodily injuries, property damages and collisions. While the ship is under arrest, ship-owner has duty to pay necessary and irrevocable expenses. On the other hand, the ways of release of the vessel for the ship-owner are not a lot. Ship-owner may, for example by tendering a bail bond or paying the money (often with the calculation of punitive damages), release the ship from arrest. One of the ordinary methods to release the vessel and to have the permission to continue its activity is to get a letter of undertaking issued by the protection and indemnity clubs to the claimant. This paper with descriptive and analytical perspective is to introduce the letter of undertaking, express its object, benefits, form, legal nature, requirements for achieving it, the subject of acceptance and non-acceptance of the letter of undertaking with regard to the claimants and the courts views and finally the effects of this type of letters.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • bank guarantee
  • Damages
  • Insurance
  • Limitation Fund
  • Release/Arrest of Vessel
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